The Wisdom of Jonah: Biblical Interpretation in Late Antiquity

Abstract

The book of Jonah is not only a treasure trove of theological and literary delights, but also a subject of ongoing controversy. The influence of post-exilic wisdom traditions on this prophetic book is debated by modern scholars aware of an affinity between the book’s major themes and concepts attributed to ancient Jewish wisdom circles. However, when the book leaves its original historical and cultural milieu and is reinterpreted by readers belonging to the three major monotheistic religions in late antiquity, the sapiential themes of the book of Jonah become prominent. Exegesis in late antiquity exhibits strong didactic and ethical characteristics. Interpreting biblical books leads to theological reflection, which, in turn, helps an understanding of the mysteries of the universe as well as the role and duties of human beings. For Jews, Christians, and Muslims, the book of Jonah resists the rigid taxonomy of literary genre. A study of representative rabbinic, patristic, and Islamic works shows that their authors allow the wisdom themes of the book to resurface and flourish. The tale of the maverick prophet Jonah becomes the story of an ancient sage.